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Bab al-Nairab
Bab al-Nairab ((アラビア語:باب النيرب), also spelled Bab al-Nayrab) meaning the "Gate of Al-Nayrab", was one of the nine historical gates of the Ancient City of Aleppo in northern Syria, but has since disappeared. Its name refers to the nearby village of al-Nayrab (currently a suburb of Aleppo) as the gate led towards the village. Today, the city district where the gate used to stand is commonly called Bab al-Nairab, but is officially known as Muhammad Bek.
==History==
The Bab al-Nairab gate was built sometime during the period of 1216–1237 in the southeastern part of the ancient city by the Ayyubid ruler of Aleppo, al-Aziz Muhammad, son of predecessor az-Zahir Ghazi.〔 The latter had planned its construction but al-Aziz carried it out following az-Zahir's death.〔Tabbaa, 1997, p. 21.〕 The new gate marked the southward expansion of Aleppo during az-Zahir's rule.〔Morray, 1994, pp. 120–121.〕 It was the starting point of the main route that led to the village of al-Nayrab. The name "Nairab" itself was derived from the Syriac word of ''Narb'', meaning the plain land.〔(Aleppo gates )〕
Beginning in the late Mamluk period in the 15th-century, Aleppo developed links with the surrounding countryside through the Bab al-Nairab area. It served as the initial destination point for agricultural and pastoral products from the surrounding villages before being transported to the city's markets.〔Gonzalez, 2006, p. 461.〕 During the Ottoman era, local peasants and Bedouins settled Bab al-Nairab, which had developed into a quarter.〔Jayyusi, p. 749.〕 Many of the peasants had been uprooted from the countryside, while the Bedouin were semi-sedentary nomads who lived in the district during winter.〔Antoun, 1991, p. 15.〕 Although Bab al-Nairab's generally poor population was Muslim, it was also ethnically diverse, including Arabs, Kurds and Turkmen.〔Fawaz, 1995, p. 100.〕 Along with Banqusa, Bab al-Nairab became one of the most powerful quarters of Aleppo, where the countryside immigrants and the merchants of the caravan trade held sway and could influence the public order as well as the urban tax system.〔Hourani and Khoury, 1994, p. 95.〕
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